Safer Malaysia Towards a Safer Malaysia
Visions of Safer Malaysia : The Final Touch
August 27, 2012 by ricwee
Dear Readers,
A few weeks ago, SAFER MALAYSIA posted a draft memorandum, which we wish to submit to the relevant authorities. After many weeks of further research by SAFER MALAYSIA team, and receiving many feedback via phone calls, e-mails, facebook and twitter; below is the Final Version of the Memorandum.
We call this, VISIONS OF SAFER MALAYSIA.
Thank you.
TEAM SAFER MALAYSIA : HW Yip, Richard Wee, Sarah Kambali, Hoong Wei En, Tan Sue Vern, Henry Ng, Caroline Leong, Salvindar Kaur
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Visions of Safer Malaysia
Safer Malaysia envisions a country safe enough for a child to play outside a house, for a family to walk about in a park and for anyone of us to go home to a safely locked house. Safer Malaysia views building big gates around the community, carrying pepper sprays and constantly looking over one’s shoulder is not what living in a country is about.
If one is to bake a cake and the cake is called a country, the ingredients in a recipe of a country, of any country, must include safety and security. The breakdown of that recipe would only lead to a pathetic cake, which will probably crumble.
Safer Malaysia envisions three stages for the struggle to ensure that the nation is safer again. Safer Malaysia is not naïve; a country can never have zero crime rates. But the aim is to reduce it as much as possible and more importantly, ensure that the people feel safe.
The three stages we suggested are based on timeline. What can we do in the short-term, mid-term and long-term?
Short-term
1. Our proposed short-term solution includes increasing security presence all over the country. The police would have statistics on “hot” crime spots, and that is where police presence must be increased.
1.1. Throughout the years, studies like Hot Spot Policing Can Reduce Crime Rate (see tab A page 2) show that measures taken in the hot crime spots have successfully reduced crime rate without causing an increase in crime rate in the neighboring areas.
1.2. There are many reasons why crimes happen mostly in hot spots. The article Why Crimes Occur in Hot Spots (see tab A page 3) helpfully provides some insight which includes the opportunity theory where perpetrators see chances to illegally exploit others.
1.3. There are a number of reasons why crime rate increases despite the dedication of the police force to protect the community. In KL Police to Monitor 15 Hot Spots over Raya (see tab A page 1), the relevant authority had agreed to monitor some crime hot spots during the grand festival where most would leave their house empty to visit friends and relatives in other states. Notwithstanding that initiative had been taken, what the Rakyat rightly expect is the actual action because action speaks louder than words. Only action can heighten the sense of security of the Rakyat.
1.4. Last year, the Research for Social Advancement (REFSA) published a research report Entitled Staffing the Police – Move Active Policemen Please, Not More Policemen (see tab A page 4) urging the government to increase the efficiency of the Police Department, not headcount. The report shows that too many policemen are in non-core police work and they should be redeployed to core police work, for instance, active patrol and investigation.
1.5. In short, should the Police Department be able to deploy more existing manpower from non-core police work to the hot spots and focus on eradicating illegal activities, crime rate would eventually drop and confidence in the police would increase.
2. The authorities should immediately start campaigns in the similar vein of “TAK NAK” for cigarettes, telling people “JANGAN” to deter people from carrying out crimes.
2.1. Campaignsplay a crucial role in raising awareness and sensitivity of the people. It has been a common practice around the world for campaigns to be used to curb and prevent crimes. A number of papers have been written on the effect and benefits of campaigns against crime as attached below.
2.2. Mike Langenbacher and John Klofas mentioned the ‘deterrence theory’ in their working paper – Media Campaigns & Crime Prevention: A Review of the Literature.(see tab B page 22) According to them:-
‘The theory holds that human beings are rational actors that seriously consider the net gains and losses of any action before engaging in said action, and thus by altering the perception of gains and losses it is possible to dissuade individuals from engaging in unwanted actions or behaviors.’
2.2. Campaigning should be associated with this theory. Moreover many stories can be found whereby campaigning resulted in a decrease of the crime rate in the area such as the article (Ongoing Police Campaign Busts 15 Criminal Rings in Tibet’s Capital) (see tab B page 33)obtained from the CRI English.com website.
3. Community security or locally known as Rukun Tetanga, carries the essence wherein a group of people sets up an organisation for crime prevention purposes and to promote the corporation between citizens and police. Starting from local community, the concept similar to Rukun Tetangga must immediately be activated. Incentives must be given to encourage people to get involved in community security.
3.1. In the usual hot spots, local communities are fervently promoting the neighborhood watch to safeguard the safety of everyone living in the neighborhood. For instance, a local community has set up a website, Laman Web Rasmi USJ23,(see tab C page 7)to enable the members to alert the neighborhood of any suspicion and to discuss the safety measures to be taken from time to time. More recently, the local community has setup a patrol group to keep an eye on empty houses during Hari Raya. With multiracial members participating, the unity of people once again proves a reduction in crime in the area for the welfare of the whole community. (Group Conducts Neighborhood Watch to Safeguard Empty Houses during Raya.(see tab B page 1)
3.2. Shoppers coming from big shopping complexes have long been targeted and, not until recently, shopping complexes been branded as ‘hot crime spots’. In order to secure the safety of shoppers, the security team of One Utama Shopping Mall had successfully prevented a robbery in the car park. The story has been discussed and the success has been spread all over Facebook.( https://www.facebook.com/1Utama)
3.3. Last year, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon (New Act to Broaden Neighbourhood Watch Scheme) (see tab B page 4) released the news to the public that an Act has been drafted to improve the Rukun Tetanga Scheme, which attracted plenty of attention. As much as it was welcomed by the public, there has been no further discussion as to the progress and the rakyat are still waiting.
3.4. At the state level, the local authorities should be immediately empowered with community patrols that will assist in keeping an eye on security. Whereas at the national level, over and above the “JANGAN” campaign, the national government must now inculcate in the peoples’ hearts to look out for each other, to encourage a neighbor to help the other neighbor.
4. Safer Malaysia also strongly encourages the PDRM and Attorney General to share success cases to the public. There have been reports of the police having successfully arrested criminal suspects and these suspects are to be charged and convicted.
4.1. For instance, amongst all other materials that are attached below (see tab D), includes a success case that has managed to capture the heart and confidence of the Rakyat towards the police force.
4.2. Early this month, the PDRM busted a drug nest at Bukit Ferringi in Penang and apprehended 9 drug dealers red-handed. Praised and complimented by the public, the police proudly released the good news to the media and celebrated by many.
(https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?...2433873&type=1)
4.3. These stories ought to be published and shared amongst the people to give the people confidence that the system is effective. Safer Malaysia is prepared to assist the PDRM and Attorney General in disseminating and sharing the use of effective and successful arrest and conviction.
5. Safer Malaysia proposed that the PDRM should provide a list of the steps, which will be taken by the police when investigating a crime. Whilst we acknowledge that the police cannot give a thorough list of such investigatory steps (to avoid exposure of police mechanism to the criminals), it would be helpful for the public to understand a simple and general idea of what the police do when investigating a crime.
5.1. The articles below have been published by US authors to discuss the methods employed in arresting the perpetrators of drug conspiracy (How Police Investigate Drug Conspiracies) (see tab E page 2) and serial killers (How to Catch a Serial Killer and How to Catch a Serial Killer).(see tab E page 4) These studies help the public to understand how both police and the perpetrators work and provide further appreciation of the importance of crime prevention.
5.2. Not only have the articles enlightened the readers on the M.O.( method of operation) of a criminal, it has further discussed the consequences of being a criminal and moral of the stories were shared. Furthermore, the knowledge conveyed can trigger the sense of awareness of a person, allowing him or her to deploy suitable measures of protection.
5.3. At the moment, the citizens are kept in the dark over what actually happens after a report is launched. If a victim does not understand and is not aware of the police’s work behind the scene, it may discourage the person from lodging a police report especially in a climate where the person may feel that the system is not effective.
5.4. By understanding and acknowledging the steps that the police take when investigating a crime, it may help to reduce the pessimism some citizens have over police investigations.
6. We intend on implementing an interactive “Safer Malaysia” website as proposed by a passionate fellow Malaysian, Ms Joanne Khoo. (see tab F page 1)The proposed website will be divided into seven main areas, namely:
- Public Crime Map
- Report Sending
- Alert Messaging
- Anonymous Tipping
- Breaking News
- Acknowledgment
- Education
(i) Public Crime Map
A public crime map using a Google map application programming interface (API) will be implemented. The map will include filters such as date, type of crime and neighborhoods such as those found in the United States of America. The purpose of the public crime map is three-fold. Firstly, systematic data collection can be facilitated, allowing citizens to gather information about crimes in the community. Secondly, data analysis will enable statistics to be generated and “hot spot” areas to be identified. This will allow the police to be more vigilant in those areas. Thirdly, transparency of data will be allowed as the public can access the data and assess the crime rate for themselves.
(ii) Report Sending
Reports, whether officially from the police or not, can be forwarded to the website using an easy-to-use online form on the website. The form would contain brief details of the incident such as: 1. Time of crime, 2. Location, 3. Description of Suspect, 4. Type of Crime etc, 5. Description of suspect’s vehicle etc.
(iii) Alert Messaging
“Safer Malaysia” members who sign up to receive alert messages of crime happening will receive an alert once a report is sent in by the victim. The purpose of the alert is so that citizens can be more alert of the suspect in the vicinity, and so that the citizens will be on a lookout for the suspect, assisting the police in their efforts to catch the suspect.
(iv) Anonymous Tipping
Citizens who know or suspect acquaintances or people around them may have or intend to commit a crime can report the information online anonymously to avoid being recognized. An online form will be set up whereby the citizen will be required to provide information such as identity of suspect, vehicle, estimated age and suspect’s address only. A similar website called the “Crime Stoppers” has been found to be successful in Australia. A success story is that of an abandoned child, affectionately named ‘Little Pumpkin’. The Victoria Police was successful in arresting the child’s father, who had murdered her mother, after many calls in relation to the case.
(v) Breaking News Section
This section will be updated daily with the latest crime reports submitted by citizens for the perusal of the public.
(vi) Acknowledgement Section
Encouragement can be an incentive to both the police and private sectors to increase their crime fighting and crime prevention efforts.
(vii) Education
This section will aim to educate the community in various manners such as ways to be more vigilant, crime prevention methods for homes, workplaces and communities, etc.
6.1. The main focus of the Safer Malaysia website is to alert and notify the public of crimes in their neighborhood, allow anonymous tipping to inform of suspicious activities, encourage corporation with the Police Department and build a safer Malaysia.
6.2. Whilst we will not deny that the website may be sabotaged by false tipping, the Safer Malaysia website team will strive and do our best to monitor it to provide accurate and honest information, as far as it is possible.
Mid-term
7. For a foreseeable mid-term future, Safer Malaysia strongly propagates effective enforcement of the law, which is paramount to the safety of all the Rakyat. This will include effective arrest, charge, and prosecution of the wrongdoer and if the enforcement works, it must be heavily promoted in the mass media to deter future crimes.
7.1. The government should impose and enforce stiffer sentences to deter everyone from committing a crime. In Do Stiffer Sentences Act as a Crime Deterrent? It Does for Some Criminals, Study Finds, (see tab G page 10)the study shows that stiffer sentences do deter inmates. The logic is simple – nobody wants to spend all their life in the prison!
7.2. In the view of Safer Malaysia, the government must disincentive the concept of crime. It must be seen to be wrong, bad, and evil. Economic welfare seems to be one of the main reasons for the public to commit crime. In 2009, Police Federation of England and Wales conducted a research, Crime and the Economy, (see tab G page 1)which shows that crime and economy have very close correlation to each other. The research provides that:
‘Consumption growth indicates increased expectations of lifetime income. The increased expectation of lawful income will reduce the temptation of illegitimate activity. This is referred to as the ‘motivation effect’.
‘Thus, in years when people increase their spending by very small amounts or reduce it altogether, notably when the economy is in recession, property crime tends to grow relatively quickly.’
7.3. In simple language, burglary and theft increases when the Rakyat are poor and stealing becomes a form of ‘quick money’ to them. To put a halt to most property crime, the economic welfare of all the Rakyat should be boosted in overall, and not just a group of people.
7.4. In addition to that, Crime and the Economy (see tab G page 1) also proves that ‘police strength is negatively related to theft of and from vehicles and other forms of property crime.’ Hence, effective enforcement of the law is crucial. Subject to the laws of defamation and related principles, a convicted wrong doer must be exposed in the media, of which the wrongdoer will be ridiculed and frowned upon.
8. Moreover, social pressure or peer pressure must be imposed on people to not get involved in crime at all. People always hear about the negative effects that the influence from members of one’s peer group can have, but Scott Bernard Peterson made an interesting remark in the SparkAction article The Power of Positive Peer Pressure: -
“I believe that if negative peer pressure is a primary factor in leading some young people to commit a crime or an offense, then positive peer pressure can be harnessed in a safe setting and redirected to encourage young people to adhere to the rule of law and become more productive citizens.” (see tab H page 5)
8.1. This is a legitimate statement since Tina Rosenberg, whose book is reviewed in Steve Weinberg’s article, mentions Otpor and loveLife, action groups which grew out of positive peer pressure in Russia and South Africa respectively. As Weinberg states in Say Yes to Peer Pressure, (see tab H page 1)a “social cure” can be a “rather effective way of overturning wrongful convictions”.
8.2. Notably, social pressure can help to deter the public, especially the youngsters, from committing wrongs that are condemned by our modernized country and kind, loving culture.
Long-term
9. In the long-term, Safer Malaysia wishes to improve our expertise in the study of the criminal mind, i.e. improving the criminology department. This will include psychologists and criminologists interviewing and understanding what drove the wrongdoer to do what he or she did. This would assist the security administrators (the police, home ministry and/or the Attorney General) to chart the plans for future deterrence of crime.
9.1. The following articles such as Why do Criminals Break the Law? (see tab I page 1) gives examples of conclusions a criminologist can come to after researching and analyzing crime in the US.
9.2. The book, The Criminology of Serial Killings: Ted Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer, Aileen Wournos and Others, written by Beatriz Scaglia explores the lives of serial killers and their motivations for their actions. For instance, Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who, amongst other most disgusted crimes, kidnapped and raped many women in his lifetime. Profilers and criminologists, after his arrest and death, realized that it was his narcissism, unquenchable desire to kill and rape and psychopathic behavior that caused him to commit crime and eventually, his death.
9.3. It is not disputed that terrible criminals often display patterns and reasons that prompt them to crime. The usual reasons would be horror and pain inflicted on them during childhood. Rapists could, more than often, be the victims themselves during childhood when they were still vulnerable. If the criminologists and police are able to understand the minds and patterns of their crimes and hence their intended targets, it is not only that a preventive measure can be undertaken, it will at the same time hasten the process to subject him or her to the law.
10. With respect to this government, corruption in the system exists and is probably becoming more acute day by day. Corruption paralyses the system and diminishes the effectiveness of the system.
10.1. Dr Lim Teck Ghee has commented in Why Police are Impotent in Dealing with Growing Crime (see tab J page 1) that one of the major problems can be attributed to the tolerance of corruption in police and civil service. Despite the fact that the Rakyat appreciate the downside of corruption, they ‘willingly contribute’ to it whenever they ‘see fit’. Meanwhile, Dr Lim also said that ‘instead of focusing attention of fighting crime, our police are all too often ordered to perform political work aimed at suppressing the opposition and other opponents of the ruling government.’
10.2. A Story of Corruption and Police Abuse, Malaysian Police Asking for Bribe, Indirectly!!! (see tab J page 12) and [Video] Malaysia Traffic Police Takes Bribe From Singaporean 2011 are among the news spread over the internet with regards to the shameful behavior of the Malaysian police. Christopher Fernandez, in Crime is Rising, Police are Corrupt & Inefficient: NOW, WHO’S TO BLAME?, (see tab J page 3) agrees that corruption is the major problem of the police force nowadays and connotes that it has become a perception unshakable by any of the police officers. Many commentators opine, some with harsh language, that the government should take the blame.
10.3. Many would agree that corruption dampens the effectiveness of the police force which has become an opportunity for criminals to crime. Therefore, whether this government likes it or not, it must find the will and desire to severely minimize corruption. Safer Malaysia believes that there is enough and sufficient literature within the records of this government, which proposes solutions to effectively decrease and minimize corruption. Safer Malaysia urges the government to adopt those literatures, pick up the will and courage, and start work to effectively reduce corruption.
11. The education system must also improve subjects and topics taught to increase the effectiveness of planting appropriate thoughts into the minds of young Malaysians. Safer Malaysia strongly proposes that the appropriate thinking should be “Don’t rob”, “Don’t rape” or “Don’t attack” as opposed to “Don’t GET robbed”, “Don’t GET raped” or “Don’t GET attacked”. The highlight shall and must always be emphasized to stop the perpetrator and to stop someone turning into a perpetrator.
11.1. It should be of no surprise that educating our society can reduce the crime rate. The paper entitled The Crime Reducing Effect of Education (see tab K page 1)provides evidence and statistical proof of the effect of education on the crime rate. As Jeanne Cure says in her article,
‘Education has been proven to be a great catalyst for change… As a cost-effective and continually beneficial approach, education is one the most successful means we have of preventing and reducing crime.’
11.2. Education Reform Will Reduce Crime (see tab K page 39)by Barrington H. Brennen and Education Policy and Crime (see tab K page 41) by Lance Lochner support the proposition that education reform and policy are the best solutions to control the crime rate in one country. Proper education triggers young conscience and builds a firm foundation with regards to the Dos and Don’ts in their life. As the future pillars for the country, if the young generation were to be corrupt by unhealthy life and twisted stories, the future of the country would be destroyed.
11.3. Young Malaysians ought to be persuaded and engaged on the effects of crime at a young age. They ought to be exposed to the effect of crime upon its victims. The horrific psychological effects of a victim ought to be shown. The message ought to be if one does not want to be a victim, then one should not do things to create a victim.
Conclusion
These proposals and ideas are the fruits of discussion amongst few Malaysians who are amateurs in the business of policing and security administration. However, our heart and focus is the concern we have for our family, our friends and our nation. We are offering these ideas to try and help our government to solve this problem of crime. We do not want to merely complain and we offer our assistance to the government in this matter.
Towards a Safer Malaysia.
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